Specific, reliable data on the prevalence of using non-prescribed ART or self-medicating for confirmed HIV infection among key populations in West Africa is largely undocumented in the available literature.  The focus of current research and programs is primarily on improving adherence to prescribed ART and increasing the uptake of formal testing services to bridge the significant treatment gaps in the region.  But research published by Cogent Public Health in February 2023 found high levels of self-medication across various groups in Ghana - including HIV-positive people, pregnant women, students and older adults.