[Dabanga] Amsterdam -- For years, the press in Sudan has been going through successive crises that have negatively affected the journalistic climate, freedom of expression, and the independence of media institutions. After the outbreak of the war on April 15, 2023, press institutions were destroyed, as headquarters and properties were bombed and looted, and journalists were displaced, and many institutions stopped working, while some remained operating at a meager operational capacity not exceeding 1 per cent, and journalists