1525-Battle of Pavia: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's troops defeat the French, killing or wounding 5,000 and capturing French King Francis I 1582-Pope Gregory XIII announces the New Style calendar, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar 1739-Battle of Karnal: Army of Iranian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah 1821-Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero agree to the Plan of Iguala, stating that Mexico will become a constitutional monarchy, Roman Catholicism the official religion, and both Peninsulares and Creoles will enjoy equal political and social rights 1868-U.S. House of Representatives votes 126 to 47 to impeach President Andrew Johnson 1942-The "Battle of Los Angeles" takes place, a series of anti-aircraft engagements over the city in response to a rumored but false Japanese attack. It would last until the morning of the following day. 1946-General Juan Perón is first elected President of Argentina 2008-Fidel Castro retires as the President of Cuba due to ill health after nearly fifty years in power 2022-Russia launches a full-scale