1570-Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England for heresy and persecution of English Catholics during her reign and absolves her subjects from allegiance to the crown 1862-First Legal Tender Act of 1862 is passed by U.S. Congress, authorizing the United States note (greenback) into circulation, the first fiat paper money that is legal tender in America 1870-Hiram R. Revels is sworn in as first African American member of Congress as US Senator from Mississippi 1910-13th Dalai Lama (Thupten Gyatso) flees Tibet for British India to escape Chinese troops 1943-Vietminh forms Indo Chinese Democratic Front 1956-Nikita Khrushchev denounces Joseph Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1968-430 Unification Church couples wed in Korea 1986-Corazon Aquino becomes President of the Philippines; dictator Ferdinand Marcos flees the country