The National Assembly introduced a bill, Wednesday, led by the ruling Democratic Party of Korea (DPK), that would expand the country’s espionage law to criminalize spying for any foreign government, not just North Korea, amid growing concerns over alleged intelligence activities involving Chinese nationals. The main opposition People Power Party (PPP), which opposed a set of revision bills on the Criminal Act, responded with a filibuster. If passed, the measure would mark the first fundamental overhaul of South Korea’s espionage statutes since their enactment in 1953. Currently, the law defines an "enemy state" almost exclusively as North Korea. This narrow legal framework has left prosecutors hamstrung, unable to levy treason-level charges against those spying for other foreign powers, including China or Russia, unless a direct link to Pyongyang could be proven. The proposed amendment reflects the changing nature of espionage targeting South Korea, which now extends beyond traditional military intelligence to industrial and advanced technology sectors, including semiconductors and