If you have ever lived in Korea, you have likely witnessed groups of children gathered at school gates and apartment complexes to be systematically ushered into waiting vans. But this is no attempted abduction — the vehicles are a cheerful yellow, and the adults are masters of the Korean martial art, taekwondo. These yellow vans are an ubiquitous part of the Korean landscape, prepped to coordinate moving young children from school to studies to home for busy parents. They belong to the local cram school, or hakwons, and a significant majority are operated by taekwondo dojangs (training halls). This daily ritual exists because of a cultural and economic shift that began decades ago. As women entered the formal workforce in greater numbers and families came to rely on two incomes, it became necessary for parents to find a safe, structured environment for their children during the long afternoon gap between the end of school and the end of the workday. The "dual-Income dilemma" is a defining characteristic of contemporary Korean society. According to Statistics Korea, approximately 48% o