Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers , the judge hearing Elon Musk’s lawsuit against OpenAI , has shown herself in other high profile tech cases—such as Epic Games’ lawsuit against Apple —to be unafraid to skewer arguments or testimony from witnesses in her courtroom. That was clear on Friday, in a hearing in the OpenAI case to determine whether an economist Musk’s lawyers have hired can submit his damages report as evidence. The economist, C. Paul Wazzan , has calculated that OpenAI owes Musk up to $109 billion. That’s based on Musk’s original donations to OpenAI back when it was just a non-profit, translated to OpenAI’s fall valuation of $500 billion. Rogers was skeptical and she didn’t hide it. “A jury is going to understand that he is pulling these numbers out of the air,” she said of Wazzan. “Do I find it convincing? Not really.” She referred to Wazzan’s report as weak, and when Musk’s lawyer referenced Wazzan’s estimate that Musk is responsible for 50% to 75% of OpenAI’s success, Rogers interjected, “or 2%.” (For more on Wazzan’s calculations, read this .) Nevertheless, Rogers said she would allow the jury to hear Wazzan’s testimony, on the grounds that his calculations essentially used startup math.